Internal Resistance Circuit

Introduction to internal resistance circuit

The internal resistance is due to the cell or battery in the circuit. The internal resistance of a cell is due to the electrolyte between the two electrodes. Ant current in the battery must flow through the internal resistance. The internal resistance acts in series combination in the cell. There is a voltage drop during charging and discharging the cell.

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Internal resistance circuit


When we connect the plates or the electrodes of the cell by a wire so that the circuit is completed, the current flows outside the cell from the positive electrode to the negative electrode of the cell. The direction of flow of current inside the electrolyte is from negative terminal to the positive terminal of the cell. So that the resistance offered by the electrolyte of the cell is known as to be the internal resistance of the cell. Because of the internal resistance of the cell a part of the energy given by the cell is lost in the form of heat inside the cell itself. The internal resistance of the cell is not a constant quantity, it increases slowly as the cell used. The internal resistance of the circuit is denoted by r and it is always in the series combination with the cell used. In the case of discharging of a cell, let E be the emf of the cell, V be the terminal potential difference across the cell and r be the internal resistance then

r = (E/V – 1) R

where, R be the external load resistance of the circuit.

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Factors on which the internal resistance of the circuit depends


The internal resistance of the cell depends upon the following factors:

(i) The internal resistance of the cell is directly proportional to the separation between the plates.

(ii) The internal resistance of the cell is directly proportional to the area of the electrodes dipped in the electrolyte solution.

(iii) The internal resistance of the cell depends on the nature, concentration and the temperature of the electrolyte of the cell. As the concentration and the temperature of the electrolyte increases the internal resistance also increases.