What Makes up the Atmosphere

Introduction to makes up the atmosphere:

The atmosphere is the layer of gases, which surrounds the earth containing air mixed with the water vapor. In beginning, the earth was much bigger and much cooler with no atmosphere, but later as the earth, started contracting and it became smaller and warmer after the process of differentiation. During this phase gases like water vapor, hydrogen, helium, methane and ammonia were liberated which form the atmosphere. Gradually gases lighter than water like hydrogen and helium were formed. Free oxygen came into the atmosphere, with the evolution of autotrophs from heterotrophs. Here we discuss how the atmosphere of earth makes up.

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What makes up the atmosphere?


Atmosphere is composed of 78% nitrogen, 21% oxygen, 0.03% carbon dioxide and 0.07% of other gases. The percentage of water vapor in the atmosphere is variable. There are different layers in the atmosphere, let us know them:

Thermosphere: In this layer of the atmosphere, temperature increases until they approach 2000°F or 1090°C at noon. The air is even thinner at this altitude than it is in the upper atmosphere. In fact, there is practically a vacuum so that little heat can be conducted. It was once called the ionosphere because of ionization of molecules and atoms that occurs in this layer, mostly because of ultra violet, but also X rays and gamma rays. Ionization refers to the process whereby atoms are changed to ions through the removal or addition of electrons, giving them an electrical charge.

Mesosphere: Right below thermosphere lies Mesosphere. In this layer of the atmosphere, temperature tends to drop with the increase in the altitude.

Stratosphere: Just below Mesosphere lies Stratosphere. This is one of the main layers and the temperature here is stratified which means that the cool layers are below the warm ones.

Troposphere: This layer is the lowest one of all and contains maximum water vapour. This layer constitutes the most of atmosphere's mass which is upto 75%.

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Conclusion for the constituents of atmosphere:

From the above discussion, we can conclude that air is essential for the survival of life. Air contains nitrogen, oxygen, carbon dioxide, water vapor, argon, helium, methane, krypton, hydrogen, ozone, carbon mono oxide, sulphur dioxide, nitrous oxide, nitrogen dioxide, etc. Oxygen of the atmosphere is essential for photosynthesis. Nitrogen is also present in the atmosphere, which is taken by the some plants directly. Nitrogen is also used for the production of ammonia, which is used for making the fertilizers.