Introduction of liquid electrical conductivity:
Liquid electrical conductivity is examined in early ages when there were lightening strikes on small water bodies like rivers or lakes. This has opened gates for us to understand the nature of liquid based on electrical conductivity. Please express your views of this topic Kinetic Friction Problems by commenting on blog.
About Liquid Electrical Conductivity
It is the measure of a liquid compounds ability to conduct or pass electricity through it. In addition, this happens due to the potential difference being created across the conductors formed in a liquid due to the charges or ions present in it, which tend to move the charges between the differences and hence the result will be flowing of electric current though it. Electrical conductivity is done by the agitation of electrons across the opposite charges present inside a liquid, which tend to be as conductors.
Examples of liquid Electrical conductivity
There are various examples of the same; some of the important ones are as follows:
Conductivity of electricity through water (due to the fact the normal water have ions in it)
Conductivity of electricity through Ethanol (because ethanol develop opposite ions in the solution)
Conductivity of liquid in Ethylene Glycol (because ethylene glycol also give ion in solution and this create region of opposite charges resulting in flow of electrons and then electricity)
Conductivity of electricity in Molten Wax.
Conductivity of electricity in Molten Sugar solution.
Conductivity of electricity in Molten Salt solution.
Is this topic What is Electric Charge hard for you? Watch out for my coming posts.
Facts related to Liquid electrical conductivity
Liquid electrical conduction is also known as Electrolytic Conduction. As stated earlier it is due to the positive and negative charges in the solution or liquid. This occurs when there is an involvement or more than 1 atoms in a liquid like water has more than 1 atoms in it. In addition, this liquid electrical conductivity is due to the movement of free electrons.
Liquid electrical conductivity has gained much importance in the manner that it generates a clear idea about the conductivity of a liquid or solution. It emphasizes about the conduction property of a liquid and this will helps much more in many lab experiments.
Thursday, March 28, 2013
Physics and Environment
ENVIRONMENTAL PHYSICS
Although a number of problems in environmental science deal with chemistry and social issues, physical aspects and the applications of physics are also very important. For example, development of sensors, the interaction sunlight with airborne particulates and molecules, energy conservation issues, disposal/storage of radioactive wastes, development of energy saving and so-called "green" materials (e.g., polymers) all contain interesting and challenging physics. In addition, the use of the physical sciences in developing technological innovations that modify lifestyles towards more environmentally benign directions also can contribute to a better quality of life. Combining courses in environmental science, chemistry, and physics provides a background and unique preparation for true problem solving, a real understanding of analytic tools, as well as in instrumentation and data analysis.I like to share this Angular Acceleration Formulas with you all through my article.
PHYSICS OF THE ENVIRONMENT
Most books on environmental science focus on ecological or biological aspects of environmental conservation, often with a polemic agenda. The physics, if covered at all, is generally superficial. Using pertinent examples from the environment and the ways in which people interact with it, Physics of the Environment sets out to provide a cogent account of the underlying physical laws with a lucidity and rigor appropriate to an undergraduate course in the subject. Students will gain an understanding of the physical concepts that govern the world as well as an appreciation of the technologies of power generation and transport, and the impact these have on the environment.
Please express your views of this topic Definition Kinetic Energy by commenting on blog.
Contents:
* Structure and Dynamics of the Atmosphere
* The Global Climate
* Solar Ultraviolet Radiation and Life
* Heat Transfer Processes
* Generation of Power from Fossil Fuels
* Nuclear Power Generation
* Renewable Energy
* Transportation
* Transport and Dispersal of Pollutants in the Environment
* Stewarding the Environment
Readership: Academics and undergraduate (2nd or subsequent year) students in physics; suitable as an introductory text for higher-degree students in the subject with no previous exposure to environmental physics.
Although a number of problems in environmental science deal with chemistry and social issues, physical aspects and the applications of physics are also very important. For example, development of sensors, the interaction sunlight with airborne particulates and molecules, energy conservation issues, disposal/storage of radioactive wastes, development of energy saving and so-called "green" materials (e.g., polymers) all contain interesting and challenging physics. In addition, the use of the physical sciences in developing technological innovations that modify lifestyles towards more environmentally benign directions also can contribute to a better quality of life. Combining courses in environmental science, chemistry, and physics provides a background and unique preparation for true problem solving, a real understanding of analytic tools, as well as in instrumentation and data analysis.I like to share this Angular Acceleration Formulas with you all through my article.
PHYSICS OF THE ENVIRONMENT
Most books on environmental science focus on ecological or biological aspects of environmental conservation, often with a polemic agenda. The physics, if covered at all, is generally superficial. Using pertinent examples from the environment and the ways in which people interact with it, Physics of the Environment sets out to provide a cogent account of the underlying physical laws with a lucidity and rigor appropriate to an undergraduate course in the subject. Students will gain an understanding of the physical concepts that govern the world as well as an appreciation of the technologies of power generation and transport, and the impact these have on the environment.
Please express your views of this topic Definition Kinetic Energy by commenting on blog.
Contents:
* Structure and Dynamics of the Atmosphere
* The Global Climate
* Solar Ultraviolet Radiation and Life
* Heat Transfer Processes
* Generation of Power from Fossil Fuels
* Nuclear Power Generation
* Renewable Energy
* Transportation
* Transport and Dispersal of Pollutants in the Environment
* Stewarding the Environment
Readership: Academics and undergraduate (2nd or subsequent year) students in physics; suitable as an introductory text for higher-degree students in the subject with no previous exposure to environmental physics.
What is Boundary Layer
Boundary Layer
The boundary layer is a very thin layer of air flowing over the surface of an aircraft wing, or like as well as other surfaces of the aircraft. The molecules directly touching the surface of the wing are virtually motionless. Each layer of molecules within the boundary layer moves faster than the layer that is closer to the surface of the wing. At the top of the boundary layer, the molecules move at the same speed as the molecules outside the boundary layer. This speed is called the free-stream velocity. The actual speed at which the molecules move depends upon the shape of the wing, the viscosity, or stickiness, of the air, and its compressibility (how much it can be compacted).
I like to share this formula for dot product with you all through my article.
Further, boundary layers may be either laminar (layered), or turbulent (disordered). As the boundary layer moves toward the center of the wing, it begins to lose speed due to skin friction drag. At its transition point, the boundary layer changes from laminar, where the velocity changes uniformly as one moves away from the object's surface, to turbulent, where the velocity is characterized by unsteady (changing with time) swirling flows inside the boundary layer.
Aerodynamic forces depend in a complex way on the viscosity of the fluid. As the fluid moves past the object, the molecules right next to the surface stick to the surface. The molecules just above the surface are slowed down in their collisions with the molecules sticking to the surface. These molecules in turn slow down the flow just above them. The farther one moves away from the surface, the fewer the collisions affected by the object surface. This creates a thin layer of fluid near the surface in which the velocity changes from zero at the surface to the free stream value away from the surface. Engineers call this layer the boundary layer because it occurs on the boundary of the fluid.
The Boundary Layer Method
In order to calculate the friction drag of an airfoil for a given flow condition (angle of attack, Reynolds number), an analysis of the viscous boundary layer is necessary. From the momentum loss in this small layer on the surface of the airfoil the drag can be derived. As the velocity distribution changes with angle of attack, the drag changes too. Also, the thickness of the boundary layer changes with Reynolds number.
The boundary layer module uses the velocity distribution derived by the panel method and performs its calculations based on the formulas presented in [14, 15, 16]. The method is a so called integral boundary layer method, which does not handle laminar separation bubbles or large scale separation (stall). The boundary layer module works best in the Reynolds number regime between 500'000 and 20'000'000.
The results of the boundary layer module are also used to correct lift, drag and moment coefficients empirically, if separation occurs. Additionally, a blending to separated, flat plate coefficients is performed for very high angles of attack. Having problem with Electric Flux Density keep reading my upcoming posts, i will try to help you.
The procedure starts at the stagnation point and marches along each surface, integrating simplified boundary layer equations. The integration follows a 2nd order Runge-Kutta scheme with stabilization by automatic step reduction. This can be a bit slow some times, but works more reliable than the simple Newton method used before. During the way towards the trailing edge, the method checks, whether transition from laminar to turbulent or separation occurs.
The boundary layer is a very thin layer of air flowing over the surface of an aircraft wing, or like as well as other surfaces of the aircraft. The molecules directly touching the surface of the wing are virtually motionless. Each layer of molecules within the boundary layer moves faster than the layer that is closer to the surface of the wing. At the top of the boundary layer, the molecules move at the same speed as the molecules outside the boundary layer. This speed is called the free-stream velocity. The actual speed at which the molecules move depends upon the shape of the wing, the viscosity, or stickiness, of the air, and its compressibility (how much it can be compacted).
I like to share this formula for dot product with you all through my article.
Further, boundary layers may be either laminar (layered), or turbulent (disordered). As the boundary layer moves toward the center of the wing, it begins to lose speed due to skin friction drag. At its transition point, the boundary layer changes from laminar, where the velocity changes uniformly as one moves away from the object's surface, to turbulent, where the velocity is characterized by unsteady (changing with time) swirling flows inside the boundary layer.
Aerodynamic forces depend in a complex way on the viscosity of the fluid. As the fluid moves past the object, the molecules right next to the surface stick to the surface. The molecules just above the surface are slowed down in their collisions with the molecules sticking to the surface. These molecules in turn slow down the flow just above them. The farther one moves away from the surface, the fewer the collisions affected by the object surface. This creates a thin layer of fluid near the surface in which the velocity changes from zero at the surface to the free stream value away from the surface. Engineers call this layer the boundary layer because it occurs on the boundary of the fluid.
The Boundary Layer Method
In order to calculate the friction drag of an airfoil for a given flow condition (angle of attack, Reynolds number), an analysis of the viscous boundary layer is necessary. From the momentum loss in this small layer on the surface of the airfoil the drag can be derived. As the velocity distribution changes with angle of attack, the drag changes too. Also, the thickness of the boundary layer changes with Reynolds number.
The boundary layer module uses the velocity distribution derived by the panel method and performs its calculations based on the formulas presented in [14, 15, 16]. The method is a so called integral boundary layer method, which does not handle laminar separation bubbles or large scale separation (stall). The boundary layer module works best in the Reynolds number regime between 500'000 and 20'000'000.
The results of the boundary layer module are also used to correct lift, drag and moment coefficients empirically, if separation occurs. Additionally, a blending to separated, flat plate coefficients is performed for very high angles of attack. Having problem with Electric Flux Density keep reading my upcoming posts, i will try to help you.
The procedure starts at the stagnation point and marches along each surface, integrating simplified boundary layer equations. The integration follows a 2nd order Runge-Kutta scheme with stabilization by automatic step reduction. This can be a bit slow some times, but works more reliable than the simple Newton method used before. During the way towards the trailing edge, the method checks, whether transition from laminar to turbulent or separation occurs.
Friday, March 22, 2013
Newton's Third Law of Motion
There are three laws of motion defined by Newton to describe all characteristics of it. here we will discuss about the third law of motion which describes about the action reaction between the bodies that exerts force on each other.
Newton's third Law of Motion Definition is given as: it states that every force has equal and opposite reaction followed to it. This means that when a body applies a force on other body then the second body will also exert a force on the first body. The magnitude of both the forces is equal. So it is many times stated as for every action there is equal and opposite reaction.
I like to share this Newton's Law of Cooling Formula with you all through my article.
The third law of motion is also known as action reaction law as it explains the action and reaction between the bodies exerting forces on each other. This law can also explains that all the existing forces occurs in pair which means that no force can occur alone. Let us understand this with the help of Examples of Newtons third Law of Motion :
If we fire a bullet off the rifle then the rifle exerts a force on the bullet which makes it move in the forward direction. When have you ever thought of the jerk that a person gets while firing. This jerk is due to the force exerted by the bullet on the rifle. Hence in this case the rifle exerted a force on bullet and bullet exerted the force on the rifle.
Please express your views of this topic Dipole Magnetic Field by commenting on blog.
One thing that should be noted from the Newton’s law is that the direction of both the forces is opposite. Rifle exerts force on the bullet in forward direction while bullet exerts the force in backward direction. Also the most important thing is that the forces are equal in magnitude. This fact might be surprising for you.
This might confuse you with the thought that if the forces are equal then why does bullet go so far and rifle remains there with just a jerk. This is due to the difference I weights of the two. As the bullet has much lesser mass it moves to large distance while the mass of rifle is more it moves a little and then stops.
Newtons third Law of Motion Examples can be observed in daily life also. For example when we walk on the road our feet exerts a pressure on the ground backwards. As a result of this the according to the law the road also exerts force on us in forward direction which makes us move in that direction.
Newton's third Law of Motion Definition is given as: it states that every force has equal and opposite reaction followed to it. This means that when a body applies a force on other body then the second body will also exert a force on the first body. The magnitude of both the forces is equal. So it is many times stated as for every action there is equal and opposite reaction.
I like to share this Newton's Law of Cooling Formula with you all through my article.
The third law of motion is also known as action reaction law as it explains the action and reaction between the bodies exerting forces on each other. This law can also explains that all the existing forces occurs in pair which means that no force can occur alone. Let us understand this with the help of Examples of Newtons third Law of Motion :
If we fire a bullet off the rifle then the rifle exerts a force on the bullet which makes it move in the forward direction. When have you ever thought of the jerk that a person gets while firing. This jerk is due to the force exerted by the bullet on the rifle. Hence in this case the rifle exerted a force on bullet and bullet exerted the force on the rifle.
Please express your views of this topic Dipole Magnetic Field by commenting on blog.
One thing that should be noted from the Newton’s law is that the direction of both the forces is opposite. Rifle exerts force on the bullet in forward direction while bullet exerts the force in backward direction. Also the most important thing is that the forces are equal in magnitude. This fact might be surprising for you.
This might confuse you with the thought that if the forces are equal then why does bullet go so far and rifle remains there with just a jerk. This is due to the difference I weights of the two. As the bullet has much lesser mass it moves to large distance while the mass of rifle is more it moves a little and then stops.
Newtons third Law of Motion Examples can be observed in daily life also. For example when we walk on the road our feet exerts a pressure on the ground backwards. As a result of this the according to the law the road also exerts force on us in forward direction which makes us move in that direction.
Negative Acceleration
What is Negative Acceleration? In this section we will study about negative acceleration. But before that let us see what acceleration means. Acceleration is the term given to rate of change of velocity. Any object that has a changing velocity is said to have acceleration. This does not mean that magnitude of velocity should always change. It is also possible to have a change in direction instead of magnitude of velocity as velocity is a vector quantity and possesses both magnitude and velocity. Hence change in velocity can mean either of the following: change in magnitude of velocity change in direction of velocity or change in both direction and magnitude. I like to share this Centripetal Acceleration Formulas with you all through my article.
You might have heard about the car acceleration which is actually the rate at which its velocity increases.
Formula for acceleration is given as:
a = (vf – vi )/t.
Here vf is final velocity of the body and vi is initial velocity. ‘t’ is time taken by the body to change velocity from initial to final.
A question may arise in your mind that Can Acceleration be Negative? Answer is yes. It can be negative. Negative Acceleration is achieved when the change in velocity is negative which means that the velocity of the body should decrease or final velocity should be less than initial velocity. Negative acc is also known as retardation. This can be observed when brakes are applied to a car. The car stops after some time by decreasing its velocity. The rate of change of velocity in this case is negative and hence acceleration observed is negative. This is because the final velocity of the car is less than initial velocity at ever instance after the breaks were applied on the car. Hence car is said to be retarded instead of getting accelerated.
Negative acc can be represented on velocity time graph with a line having negative slope representing decrease in velocity at every instance and hence representing negative acc.
As shown in the graph given below the velocity of the body is being decreased with time. This means that its acceleration is negative.
Please express your views of this topic Ferromagnetic Metals by commenting on blog.
Note that acceleration is a vector quantity. Hence if a body moves in negative direction with decreasing speed then its acceleration will be positive while when its speed increases, acceleration will be negative. You can think of it as: the speed of a body increases if the acceleration vector is in the same direction as the direction of motion of the body while speed slows down if vector is pointed in opposite direction.
You might have heard about the car acceleration which is actually the rate at which its velocity increases.
Formula for acceleration is given as:
a = (vf – vi )/t.
Here vf is final velocity of the body and vi is initial velocity. ‘t’ is time taken by the body to change velocity from initial to final.
A question may arise in your mind that Can Acceleration be Negative? Answer is yes. It can be negative. Negative Acceleration is achieved when the change in velocity is negative which means that the velocity of the body should decrease or final velocity should be less than initial velocity. Negative acc is also known as retardation. This can be observed when brakes are applied to a car. The car stops after some time by decreasing its velocity. The rate of change of velocity in this case is negative and hence acceleration observed is negative. This is because the final velocity of the car is less than initial velocity at ever instance after the breaks were applied on the car. Hence car is said to be retarded instead of getting accelerated.
Negative acc can be represented on velocity time graph with a line having negative slope representing decrease in velocity at every instance and hence representing negative acc.
As shown in the graph given below the velocity of the body is being decreased with time. This means that its acceleration is negative.
Please express your views of this topic Ferromagnetic Metals by commenting on blog.
Note that acceleration is a vector quantity. Hence if a body moves in negative direction with decreasing speed then its acceleration will be positive while when its speed increases, acceleration will be negative. You can think of it as: the speed of a body increases if the acceleration vector is in the same direction as the direction of motion of the body while speed slows down if vector is pointed in opposite direction.
Wednesday, March 13, 2013
Examples of Hydropower
Hydropower
Hydropower, hydraulic power or water power is power that is derived from the force or energy of moving water, which may be harnessed for useful purposes. I like to share this Physics Torque Problems with you all through my article.
Prior to the widespread availability of commercial electric power, hydropower was used for irrigation, and operation of various machines, such as watermills, textile machines, sawmills, dock cranes, and domestic lifts.
Another method used a trompe to produce compressed air from falling water, which could then be used to power other machinery at a distance from the water.
Early uses of waterpower date back to Mesopotamia and ancient Egypt, where irrigation has been used since the 6th millennium BC and water clocks had been used since the early 2nd millennium BC. Other early examples of water power include the Qanat system in ancient Persia and the Turpan water system in ancient China.
Waterwheels and mills
Hydropower has been used for hundreds of years. In India, water wheels and watermills were built; in Imperial Rome, water powered mills produced flour from grain, and were also used for sawing timber and stone; in China, watermills were widely used since the Han Dynasty. The power of a wave of water released from a tank was used for extraction of metal ores in a method known as hushing. Hushing was widely used in Britain in the Medieval and later periods to extract lead and tin ores. It later evolved into hydraulic mining when used during the California gold rush. Please express your views of this topic What is a Rare Earth Magnet by commenting on blog.
In China and the rest of the Far East, hydraulically operated "pot wheel" pumps raised water into irrigation canals. In the 1830s, at the peak of the canal-building era, hydropower was used to transport barge traffic up and down steep hills using inclined plane railroads. Direct mechanical power transmission required that industries using hydropower had to locate near the waterfall. For example, during the last half of the 19th century, many grist mills were built at Saint Anthony Falls, utilizing the 50-foot (15 m) drop in the Mississippi River. The mills contributed to the growth of Minneapolis.
Hydropower, hydraulic power or water power is power that is derived from the force or energy of moving water, which may be harnessed for useful purposes. I like to share this Physics Torque Problems with you all through my article.
Prior to the widespread availability of commercial electric power, hydropower was used for irrigation, and operation of various machines, such as watermills, textile machines, sawmills, dock cranes, and domestic lifts.
Another method used a trompe to produce compressed air from falling water, which could then be used to power other machinery at a distance from the water.
Early uses of waterpower date back to Mesopotamia and ancient Egypt, where irrigation has been used since the 6th millennium BC and water clocks had been used since the early 2nd millennium BC. Other early examples of water power include the Qanat system in ancient Persia and the Turpan water system in ancient China.
Waterwheels and mills
Hydropower has been used for hundreds of years. In India, water wheels and watermills were built; in Imperial Rome, water powered mills produced flour from grain, and were also used for sawing timber and stone; in China, watermills were widely used since the Han Dynasty. The power of a wave of water released from a tank was used for extraction of metal ores in a method known as hushing. Hushing was widely used in Britain in the Medieval and later periods to extract lead and tin ores. It later evolved into hydraulic mining when used during the California gold rush. Please express your views of this topic What is a Rare Earth Magnet by commenting on blog.
In China and the rest of the Far East, hydraulically operated "pot wheel" pumps raised water into irrigation canals. In the 1830s, at the peak of the canal-building era, hydropower was used to transport barge traffic up and down steep hills using inclined plane railroads. Direct mechanical power transmission required that industries using hydropower had to locate near the waterfall. For example, during the last half of the 19th century, many grist mills were built at Saint Anthony Falls, utilizing the 50-foot (15 m) drop in the Mississippi River. The mills contributed to the growth of Minneapolis.
Advantages of Wind Power
Introduction to Wind Power
Wind Energy is one of the alternate and renewable sources of energy. Wind Power is produced by harnessing the kinetic energy of the wind and converting to electrical energy using wind generators.
Due to the uneven heating of the earth’s surface by sun wind is blown. Man used wind for his domestic purposes since years. He created a wind mill for grinding grains and then wind pumps to pump water. Now, the kinetic energy of the wind is used to blow on the wind turbines where, the kinetic energy is converted to Electric energy. Having problem with Examples of Kinetic and Potential Energy keep reading my upcoming posts, i will try to help you.
Though the initial capital cost is high yet there are advantages with wind power apart from being a renewable energy source.
Advantages of Wind Power
When compared to the traditional energy sources, wind power is extremely advantageous. It does not use any fossil fuels or natural gas saving the setup and maintain costs a lot. This makes wind power an efficient renewable energy.
Generation of wind power does not evolve any green house gases or pollutants that could harm the environment.
With the usage of technology the birds are saved from falling prey to the moving turbines. The number is decreased compared to initial days.
Erecting wind mills in the agriculture areas doesn’t damage the fields even. Farming can be continued as usual.
Remote areas can setup themselves in small scale, which is very feasible for small town and household purposes too.
When produced in large, the wind power is the cheapest available. Even the installation and maintenance costs are drastically reduced with the improvements in technology. In years to come, chances are to get the wind power at the lowest price. Please express your views of this topic Moment Equation by commenting on blog.
As the wind energy doesn’t get exits but can’t be predictable as of Tidal energy. But it has its own uses compared to other sources of renewable energy. When combined with solar energy there could be significant usage in generating continuous power.
Wind Energy is one of the alternate and renewable sources of energy. Wind Power is produced by harnessing the kinetic energy of the wind and converting to electrical energy using wind generators.
Due to the uneven heating of the earth’s surface by sun wind is blown. Man used wind for his domestic purposes since years. He created a wind mill for grinding grains and then wind pumps to pump water. Now, the kinetic energy of the wind is used to blow on the wind turbines where, the kinetic energy is converted to Electric energy. Having problem with Examples of Kinetic and Potential Energy keep reading my upcoming posts, i will try to help you.
Though the initial capital cost is high yet there are advantages with wind power apart from being a renewable energy source.
Advantages of Wind Power
When compared to the traditional energy sources, wind power is extremely advantageous. It does not use any fossil fuels or natural gas saving the setup and maintain costs a lot. This makes wind power an efficient renewable energy.
Generation of wind power does not evolve any green house gases or pollutants that could harm the environment.
With the usage of technology the birds are saved from falling prey to the moving turbines. The number is decreased compared to initial days.
Erecting wind mills in the agriculture areas doesn’t damage the fields even. Farming can be continued as usual.
Remote areas can setup themselves in small scale, which is very feasible for small town and household purposes too.
When produced in large, the wind power is the cheapest available. Even the installation and maintenance costs are drastically reduced with the improvements in technology. In years to come, chances are to get the wind power at the lowest price. Please express your views of this topic Moment Equation by commenting on blog.
As the wind energy doesn’t get exits but can’t be predictable as of Tidal energy. But it has its own uses compared to other sources of renewable energy. When combined with solar energy there could be significant usage in generating continuous power.
Ways to Conserve Electricity at Home
Introduction on ways to conserve electricity at home:
Sources of energy can be both renewable and non-renewable. In spite of being aware of the rapid pace at which non-renewable sources of power get depleted, we never committed a good deal attention to the quick consumption of the non-renewable sources of power until recently.
The Earth is faced with a crucial energy crisis now and none of us stay unaffected any longer. Can we do something to save energy? The following tips should help save energy to a great extent: Please express your views of this topic Emp Definition by commenting on blog.
ways to conserve electricity at home
Light bulbs: Compact fluorescent light (CFL) bulbs are being made popular in recent times. You must have even used them often. As a power-saving measure, begin using the CFL bulbs. If you think they are more expensive than the standard bulbs, the gains of the CFL bulbs will prove a lot more economic in the long run by the amount of power they will save.
Computer: More often than not, we leave our monitors on even after we have closed our PC. Keep the monitor and the computer switched off when you are not using them. Make this a habit even when at work. You will help save some of the earth's precious power.
Washers: Use your washing machine only when there are enough clothes to be washed. Increase the efficiency of the washing machine by minimizing the amount of washings by cleaning a full load of garments every time. Is this topic inelastic collision equation hard for you? Watch out for my coming posts.
More ways to conserve electricity at home
Air Conditioning: Try to set the temperature at the minimum or maximum strongest you are comfortable with, depending on the season. Setting the air conditioner at normal temperatures helps in saving a lot of power. Avoid setting it at it at too high or too low temperatures.
Television: Unplug the power plug of your television set when it isn’t being used. This could go a long way in saving power.
Water Heater: Keep the geyser thermostat at the minimum level of heat. You need not heat the water at a very high temperature or for a long duration.
Refrigerator: Bring cooked food to room temperature before keeping it in the refrigerator. Power can also be spared by bringing cold or frozen food out of the icebox a great deal ahead of the mealtime, thereby conserving energy in reheating it.
Car: When using the air-conditioner in your car, make sure to roll up the windows
Sources of energy can be both renewable and non-renewable. In spite of being aware of the rapid pace at which non-renewable sources of power get depleted, we never committed a good deal attention to the quick consumption of the non-renewable sources of power until recently.
The Earth is faced with a crucial energy crisis now and none of us stay unaffected any longer. Can we do something to save energy? The following tips should help save energy to a great extent: Please express your views of this topic Emp Definition by commenting on blog.
ways to conserve electricity at home
Light bulbs: Compact fluorescent light (CFL) bulbs are being made popular in recent times. You must have even used them often. As a power-saving measure, begin using the CFL bulbs. If you think they are more expensive than the standard bulbs, the gains of the CFL bulbs will prove a lot more economic in the long run by the amount of power they will save.
Computer: More often than not, we leave our monitors on even after we have closed our PC. Keep the monitor and the computer switched off when you are not using them. Make this a habit even when at work. You will help save some of the earth's precious power.
Washers: Use your washing machine only when there are enough clothes to be washed. Increase the efficiency of the washing machine by minimizing the amount of washings by cleaning a full load of garments every time. Is this topic inelastic collision equation hard for you? Watch out for my coming posts.
More ways to conserve electricity at home
Air Conditioning: Try to set the temperature at the minimum or maximum strongest you are comfortable with, depending on the season. Setting the air conditioner at normal temperatures helps in saving a lot of power. Avoid setting it at it at too high or too low temperatures.
Television: Unplug the power plug of your television set when it isn’t being used. This could go a long way in saving power.
Water Heater: Keep the geyser thermostat at the minimum level of heat. You need not heat the water at a very high temperature or for a long duration.
Refrigerator: Bring cooked food to room temperature before keeping it in the refrigerator. Power can also be spared by bringing cold or frozen food out of the icebox a great deal ahead of the mealtime, thereby conserving energy in reheating it.
Car: When using the air-conditioner in your car, make sure to roll up the windows
Wednesday, March 6, 2013
Practice Velocity Problems
Introduction:
Velocity
In physics velocity is a rate of motion and direction of motion with a vector measurement. Velocity is also defined as the rate of change of direction of an object. Speed of the motion is the scalar magnitude of the motion. The velocity is measured using the unit meters per second. Velocity is measured as m/s in SI unit. Since velocity depends on the motion and direction the practice of velocity problems depends on it. Acceleration, inertia and speed are some of the related terms to practice velocity problems. Here we are going to practice some velocity problems. Having problem with Formula for Instantaneous Velocity keep reading my upcoming posts, i will try to help you.
Practice Velocity problems
1.What is the speed of a train that travels 2000 meters in 10 seconds?
Solution
Distance = 2000 meters
Time = 10 seconds
Velocity = distance by time taken
= 2000 / 10
= 200 m/s
2. You are on a trip of 400 km with an average speed of 80 km/hr. how long will your trip be in hours to complete the entire distance?
Solution
Total distance to be covered = 400 km
Average Speed (velocity) = 80 km /hr
Time taken = Distance / speed
= 400 / 80
= 5 hours
So it will take 5 hours to complete the distance with the speed of 80 km/hr.
3. What is the time taken by a jet to travel a distance of 720 km at a rate of 120 m/s?
Solution
Distance = 720 km/s
Rate = 120 m /s
Here the distance is given in km. so first we convert the total distance into meter.
We know that 1 km = 1000 m
So 720 km = 720 * 1000
= 720000 m
Time taken = distance / rate
= 720000/ 120
= 6000 seconds
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Practice Velocity problems
1. What is the speed of a car that travels 1000 meters in 10 seconds?
2. What is the time taken for a jet if it travels 560 km at a rate of 80 km/s?
3. A projectile goes 0 to 600 m/s in 2 second. What is the projectile acceleration?
Answers:
100 m/s
7 seconds
300 m/s
Velocity
In physics velocity is a rate of motion and direction of motion with a vector measurement. Velocity is also defined as the rate of change of direction of an object. Speed of the motion is the scalar magnitude of the motion. The velocity is measured using the unit meters per second. Velocity is measured as m/s in SI unit. Since velocity depends on the motion and direction the practice of velocity problems depends on it. Acceleration, inertia and speed are some of the related terms to practice velocity problems. Here we are going to practice some velocity problems. Having problem with Formula for Instantaneous Velocity keep reading my upcoming posts, i will try to help you.
Practice Velocity problems
1.What is the speed of a train that travels 2000 meters in 10 seconds?
Solution
Distance = 2000 meters
Time = 10 seconds
Velocity = distance by time taken
= 2000 / 10
= 200 m/s
2. You are on a trip of 400 km with an average speed of 80 km/hr. how long will your trip be in hours to complete the entire distance?
Solution
Total distance to be covered = 400 km
Average Speed (velocity) = 80 km /hr
Time taken = Distance / speed
= 400 / 80
= 5 hours
So it will take 5 hours to complete the distance with the speed of 80 km/hr.
3. What is the time taken by a jet to travel a distance of 720 km at a rate of 120 m/s?
Solution
Distance = 720 km/s
Rate = 120 m /s
Here the distance is given in km. so first we convert the total distance into meter.
We know that 1 km = 1000 m
So 720 km = 720 * 1000
= 720000 m
Time taken = distance / rate
= 720000/ 120
= 6000 seconds
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Practice Velocity problems
1. What is the speed of a car that travels 1000 meters in 10 seconds?
2. What is the time taken for a jet if it travels 560 km at a rate of 80 km/s?
3. A projectile goes 0 to 600 m/s in 2 second. What is the projectile acceleration?
Answers:
100 m/s
7 seconds
300 m/s
Thermal Imaging Detection
Introduction to thermal imaging detection:
The subject of this book is uncooled thermal imaging focal plane arrays and systems. In this context, “uncooled” refers to not employing artificial means of reducing the temperature of the infrared array, such as by means of cryogenic solids or liquids, mechanical refrigerators, thermoelectric coolers, or Joule-Thomson coolers. The infrared array operates at the ambient temperature, whatever that might be. If unstated, the temperature is assumed to be “room temperature,” generally considered to be 295 K or 300 K. Some detection mechanisms require the use of temperature stabilizers upon which are mounted the thermal imaging arrays. Although their construction is similar to that of thermoelectric coolers, they maintain the array at or very near room temperature; thus they are not considered to be coolers. Having problem with celsius to fahrenheit conversion formula keep reading my upcoming posts, i will try to help you.
Explanation to thermal imaging detection
The term “thermal imaging” refers to the ability of the array in its system to image room temperature scenes. Here again, “room temperature” implies 295 K or 300 K. A thermal image of a scene refers to an image of that scene made entirely by detecting the thermal (infrared) radiation emitted by everything in the scene. Thus there is no use of artificial (lamps, lasers) or natural (sunlight, moonlight, starlight, airglow) illumination of the scene. Because “room temperature” radiation has its spectral peak emittance at about 10-μm wavelength, this implies that the spectral response of the thermal imaging array extends beyond 3-μm wavelength; such arrays are usually designed to operate in the 3–5-μm or 8–14-μm atmospheric windows.
The term “focal plane array” as used herein includes not only linear arrays of pixels but also two-dimensional arrays. In the former, the pixels are arranged in a single row or column. In the latter, the pixels are arranged in a matrix of columns and rows. Although some publications reserve the term “focal plane array” to matrix arrays only, that is not true herein.
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Conclusion to thermal imaging detection
In general, a focal plane array consists of two parts, the infrared sensitive material and the read-out integrated circuit (ROIC), sometimes referred to as the “substrate.” The ROIC includes the means to electrically address the pixels sequentially.
The subject of this book is uncooled thermal imaging focal plane arrays and systems. In this context, “uncooled” refers to not employing artificial means of reducing the temperature of the infrared array, such as by means of cryogenic solids or liquids, mechanical refrigerators, thermoelectric coolers, or Joule-Thomson coolers. The infrared array operates at the ambient temperature, whatever that might be. If unstated, the temperature is assumed to be “room temperature,” generally considered to be 295 K or 300 K. Some detection mechanisms require the use of temperature stabilizers upon which are mounted the thermal imaging arrays. Although their construction is similar to that of thermoelectric coolers, they maintain the array at or very near room temperature; thus they are not considered to be coolers. Having problem with celsius to fahrenheit conversion formula keep reading my upcoming posts, i will try to help you.
Explanation to thermal imaging detection
The term “thermal imaging” refers to the ability of the array in its system to image room temperature scenes. Here again, “room temperature” implies 295 K or 300 K. A thermal image of a scene refers to an image of that scene made entirely by detecting the thermal (infrared) radiation emitted by everything in the scene. Thus there is no use of artificial (lamps, lasers) or natural (sunlight, moonlight, starlight, airglow) illumination of the scene. Because “room temperature” radiation has its spectral peak emittance at about 10-μm wavelength, this implies that the spectral response of the thermal imaging array extends beyond 3-μm wavelength; such arrays are usually designed to operate in the 3–5-μm or 8–14-μm atmospheric windows.
The term “focal plane array” as used herein includes not only linear arrays of pixels but also two-dimensional arrays. In the former, the pixels are arranged in a single row or column. In the latter, the pixels are arranged in a matrix of columns and rows. Although some publications reserve the term “focal plane array” to matrix arrays only, that is not true herein.
Please express your views of this topic What are Rare Earth Magnets by commenting on blog.
Conclusion to thermal imaging detection
In general, a focal plane array consists of two parts, the infrared sensitive material and the read-out integrated circuit (ROIC), sometimes referred to as the “substrate.” The ROIC includes the means to electrically address the pixels sequentially.
Thermal Nuclear Reactor
Introduction about Thermal Nuclear Reactor:
Let us see the introduction about thermal nuclear reactor. The thermal nuclear reactor is a device used to produce the heat. Nuclear fission takes place in the nuclear thermal reactor. It is similar to a boiler in the steam of power plant. Thermal Nuclear reactor is controlled by the nuclear chain reaction. Let us see the explanation about thermal nuclear reactor. Please express your views of this topic formula for inertia by commenting on blog.
Explanation about Thermal Nuclear Reactor:
The heat is generated in the reactor is carried away by the coolant circulated through the core. Pressure equalizer is used to maintain a constant pressure. A coolant pump pumps the coolant water under pressure into the reactor core.
Thermal Nuclear Reactor Components:
The thermal nuclear reactor consists of the following components.
Reactor Core
Control mechanism
Moderator
Coolant
Shielding
Reactor Core:
Nuclear fission reaction takes place in the reactor core. It is in the shape of right circular cylinder and consists of fuel elements, control rods, coolant and moderator.
Control Mechanism (control rods):
Control rods are used to regulate the rate of chain reaction. They are used to absorb excess neutrons. Control rods are made up of boron steel or cadmium.
Moderator:
Moderator is used to slow down the fast - moving electrons. Hydrogen, graphite, beryllium, heavy water can be used as moderators.
Coolant:
Coolant is used to remove the intense heat produced in the reactor. Water is used as a coolant and sometimes liquid sodium is also used.
Shielding:
A thermal nuclear reactor shield is providing through steel lining and another shield is made of thick concrete surrounding the reactor. This is called radiation shielding. The shield is used to protect against the harmful rays and fast neutrons.
We discuss the advantages and disadvantages of thermal nuclear reactor. Is this topic Doppler Effect Examples hard for you? Watch out for my coming posts.
Advantages and Disadvantages of Thermal Nuclear Reactor:
Advantages of Thermal Nuclear Reactor:
Thermal nuclear power plant reactor requires less space.
Operation of the plant is reliable.
Fuel consumption is very small.
Disadvantages of Thermal Nuclear Reactor:
Capital cost is high.
Not suitable for varying load conditions.
Maintenance cost is high.
Let us see the introduction about thermal nuclear reactor. The thermal nuclear reactor is a device used to produce the heat. Nuclear fission takes place in the nuclear thermal reactor. It is similar to a boiler in the steam of power plant. Thermal Nuclear reactor is controlled by the nuclear chain reaction. Let us see the explanation about thermal nuclear reactor. Please express your views of this topic formula for inertia by commenting on blog.
Explanation about Thermal Nuclear Reactor:
The heat is generated in the reactor is carried away by the coolant circulated through the core. Pressure equalizer is used to maintain a constant pressure. A coolant pump pumps the coolant water under pressure into the reactor core.
Thermal Nuclear Reactor Components:
The thermal nuclear reactor consists of the following components.
Reactor Core
Control mechanism
Moderator
Coolant
Shielding
Reactor Core:
Nuclear fission reaction takes place in the reactor core. It is in the shape of right circular cylinder and consists of fuel elements, control rods, coolant and moderator.
Control Mechanism (control rods):
Control rods are used to regulate the rate of chain reaction. They are used to absorb excess neutrons. Control rods are made up of boron steel or cadmium.
Moderator:
Moderator is used to slow down the fast - moving electrons. Hydrogen, graphite, beryllium, heavy water can be used as moderators.
Coolant:
Coolant is used to remove the intense heat produced in the reactor. Water is used as a coolant and sometimes liquid sodium is also used.
Shielding:
A thermal nuclear reactor shield is providing through steel lining and another shield is made of thick concrete surrounding the reactor. This is called radiation shielding. The shield is used to protect against the harmful rays and fast neutrons.
We discuss the advantages and disadvantages of thermal nuclear reactor. Is this topic Doppler Effect Examples hard for you? Watch out for my coming posts.
Advantages and Disadvantages of Thermal Nuclear Reactor:
Advantages of Thermal Nuclear Reactor:
Thermal nuclear power plant reactor requires less space.
Operation of the plant is reliable.
Fuel consumption is very small.
Disadvantages of Thermal Nuclear Reactor:
Capital cost is high.
Not suitable for varying load conditions.
Maintenance cost is high.
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